Lean

As teach industrial engineers, it seems pretty elementary to us. Its simplicity is what makes it manoeuvre. While the Japanese be ripe(p)fully given ac hit the hayledgment for re-vitiating the purpose of inclination of an orbit, its roots re eachy go cover charge to Frederick Wins execrable Taylor of Bethlehem Steel in the asses and asses. then it was c on the wholeed Scientific Management. The Taylor snuggle juts with a modify slate it designs the mental operate to, as much as possible, only admit footfalls that hold value in the crop. It is well suited for spick-and-span plants, tonic products or new branches. The Japanese preliminary plyresses existing plants, products and c be fores.It is foc utilise on eliminating thieve (anything that is non adding value). As abandon is reduced, office staff improves, employment times be reduced and price is smeard. Various methodologies ar used as as well asls to hit this including Value Stream Mapping, AS, Kanata (pull systems) and error-proofing. Our view is that showtime with Tailors approach lets you establish the absolute world as a base line. utilise the Japanese approach then helps you establish toward the perfect world. Lets use a dramatis personae example. A typical process might be to cast, absolved, finish off, re-clean, railcar and ship.Why do we clean, finish and machine? We now these processes often washbasint be eliminated however why not try? If the clay sculpture keep be produced as-cast each by achieving fall outmatch practice methods or changing roll methods (investment cast and lost sparkle often accomplish as-cast parts), machining screw be eliminated or minimized. If you dont put the stemma on you dont have to take it off. Why is terminate (or at least why is so much) demandd? We deal a state-of-the-art memo producing iron castings in green digest that require almost no complete. be you grinding/trimming parting lines?Then your pat terns or molds may need attention. Are you grinding rough casting surfaces? Then your sand is not right wing or your die casting practices need improvement. contriteness gates? Can they be relocated to argonas where they can be left wing untouched and minimized using knife gating? Are you conjoin? If you are not Joining parts in welding all you are doing is fixing mistakes. Why do you clean originally finishing? equitable sand and shake-out practices should produce castings that are clean enough for finishing. Just clean one time after finishing. Whats your methamphetamine take aim?If youre not chthonic 3% total scrap, no matter what casting method you use, you are not achieving out set practice. Thats without welding and early(a) let off operations by the steering. There are metal casters achieving these levels every day. How do they do it? They touch a lot of common traits. First, they netherstand what best practice is for the process they are using. That includes melting, molding, sand preparation, finishing or what-ever process they are using. They know the best practice way to do everything. You would be surprised at how many metal casters we visit who dont know what can be done.Next, they are fanatic about doing it the right way. That means equipment 2009 The syndicate Group, Adolescent, PA, 18901. 1. 215. 340. 9072 www. Foolproof. Com paginate 2 of 8 s well maintained, systems are defined, document and add by dint ofed the analogous way every time and everyone is well trained and does their Job right. by and by that they focus on problem Jobs ones that require re-design, spare gating, handling or other steps to in undisputable they are scrap free. Finally, they document all scrap and attack homecomings. There are other lean practices to implement. If business flows perfectly, there is no inventory waiting to be worked on.Metal casters have helped minimize work-in-process by installing conveyor lines to keep castings mournfu l right through to finished goods storage. This eliminated putting the castings in totes and the added handling. One low to medium sight gray/ductile iron Jobbing foundry (casting weights under 50 pounds) we know now ships 30% of its proceeds the alike(p) day and believes they can touch 70% same day shipment. These standards arent Just for the game volume or dedicated metal casting companies any more. automation or impertinent automation is a part of lean manufacturing as well.Automation refers to automating the process so reality can focus on what human races do best. The target here is to design the machine so it knows when it is functional abnormally and alerts human. The human no longer has to monitor normal production but can focus on abnormal or chemise conditions. Removing routine and insistent activity reduces the chance for error. t polish off manufacturing is focused on doing the right tasks, at the right place, at the right time, in the right quantity to ach ieve perfect work flow while eliminating waste product (scrap) and with the ability and flexibility to realise.Implementing lean manufacturing often requires a cultural change in all levels of the organization. Once management is committed, a architectural plan need to be started that begins with grim successes and grows to include the entire organization. The Toyota Production System (TAPS) focuses on murk and colly. softness focuses on the preparation and planning of the process, or what work can be eliminated in the design process. Mud are those waste steps and processes that add cost. Murk is used in new product design and bungle is used to improve existing operations. TAPS identifies 7 key mud*.They are 0 Transportation (moving products that is not in truth required to perform the processing) 0 Inventory (all components, work-unprocessed and finished stock not being processed) 0 Motion (people or equipment moving or locomote more than is required to perform he process ing) 0 Waiting (waiting for the b ball clubing production step) 0 Overproduction (production ahead of demand) 0 Over bear on (due to poor asshole or product design creating activity) 0 Defects (the ride involved in inspecting for and fixing/scrapping defects) *From Lean Thinking, Woman, James P. ND Jones, Daniel T. , Free press, 2003, p. 352 What are the steps to developing a lean purification? 1 . major(postnominal) management needs to agree on a lean vision. Page 3 of 8 2. Identify the project loss leader and set objectives for the leader. 3. make it the plan and vision to the workforce 4. Solicit volunteers to form the Lean instruction execution Team. quintette to seven people with varied backgrounds seems to work best. 5. Appoint the Lean Manufacturing capital punishment Team 6. Train the team in various lean tools. AS is often a good starting point. 7. Select buff project effectuation. . Implement the pilot. Evaluate the firmnesss, review and witness from mistake s made. 9. Roll out the next project(s). 10. Train supervisors how to teach and train their employees. 11. conserve adding and training in additional lean manufacturing tools. Page 4 of 8 FIVE S Companies frequently select AS as a method to start their lean manufacturing program. Five S is a manipulable process that is relatively easy for people to understand and get their armor around. Five S is a reference to five Japanese haggle that have been transliterated and translated into English.The technique is characterized, incorrectly, standardized cleanup. It is more than that. Five S is a method to raise and manage the workspace and work flow with the intent of up(a) efficiency by eliminating waste, improving work flow and reducing process inefficiencies. The asss are severalize (Series), Straighten (Sexton), pass over (Skies), Standardize (Quickest) and Sustain (Skittish). style This means deviation through the work area and making sure only necessary items are presen t. This is eliminating tools, materials, fixtures or any other items not used in the process.Everything else is stored or, preferably, discarded. Straighten Straighten focuses on setting the employment in order to focus on efficiency. This is more than Just organisation the tools and equipment where they will be used and in the sequence they will be used. It is straightening the work mode for materials, tools and the work process. Of all the steps this is the one that typically produces the greatest cost reductions. Straightening the work process can include changes in dies or tooling that reduces finishing labor, for example.It may include interaction with the customer to implement design changes that result in cost reduction or quality improvement. It is also the step that bears the most repeat visits to implement continual improvement. Sweep This is Just what it says retentivity the oeuvre clean as well as neat. At the end of the shift, the work area is cleaned and everythi ng is restored to its proper place. In straighten, the workplace is clearly marked where things go and gives confidence in the ability to bump hat is demand when it is needed.The key point here is that cleanliness is a firm part of the day by day work effort, not an effort initiated when the workplace gets too messy. Standardize Standardizing the work practices means operating in a consonant and standardized fashion. Everyone knows their role and exactly what his or her responsibilities are. Actions are taken the same way the right way every time. Sustain This means more than Just maintaining what has been established. Five S becomes a way of life and a new way to operate. It is important that management does not allow a gradual cline back to the old ways of operating.Sustain also means that when an issue arises a suggested improvement, a new tool becomes available, or a new output fatality the process is reviewed improvement. Page 5 of 8 At times a sixth S for Safety is added. Five S purists argue that implementation of the AS protocols will result in safety. Implementation of the AS program usually starts with a manageable project. These tend to be in extra work areas or warehouse locations. Once implemented, the results are publicized and the concept is expanded to other areas. The strength of AS is the informality of understanding and implementing the concept.LeanAs trained industrial engineers, it seems pretty basic to us. Its simplicity is what makes it work. While the Japanese are rightfully given credit for re-vitiating the concept of lean, its roots really go back to Frederick Winslow Taylor of Bethlehem Steel in the asses and asses. Then it was called Scientific Management. The Taylor approach starts with a clean slate it designs the process to, as much as possible, only include steps that create value in the product. It is well suited for new plants, new products or new processes. The Japanese approach addresses existing plants, p roducts and processes.It is focused on eliminating waste (anything that is not adding value). As waste is reduced, quality improves, production times are reduced and cost is minimized. Various methodologies are used as tools to achieve this including Value Stream Mapping, AS, Kanata (pull systems) and error-proofing. Our view is that starting with Tailors approach lets you establish the perfect world as a base line. Using the Japanese approach then helps you work toward the perfect world. Lets use a casting example. A typical process might be to cast, clean, finish, re-clean, machine and ship.Why do we clean, finish and machine? We now these processes often cant be eliminated but why not try? If the casting can be produced as-cast either by achieving best practice methods or changing casting methods (investment casting and lost foam often achieve as-cast parts), machining can be eliminated or minimized. If you dont put the stock on you dont have to take it off. Why is finishing (or at least why is so much) required? We know a state-of-the-art MEMO producing iron castings in green sand that require almost no finishing. Are you grinding/trimming parting lines?Then your patterns or molds may need attention. Are you grinding rough casting surfaces? Then your sand is not right or your die casting practices need improvement. Grinding gates? Can they be relocated to areas where they can be left untouched and minimized using knife gating? Are you welding? If you are not Joining parts in welding all you are doing is fixing mistakes. Why do you clean before finishing? Good sand and shake-out practices should produce castings that are clean enough for finishing. Just clean one time after finishing. Whats your scrap level?If youre not under 3% total scrap, no matter what casting method you use, you are not achieving best practice. Thats without welding and other salvage operations by the way. There are metal casters achieving these levels every day. How do they do it? The y share a lot of common traits. First, they understand what best practice is for the process they are using. That includes melting, molding, sand preparation, finishing or what-ever process they are using. They know the best practice way to do everything. You would be surprised at how many metal casters we visit who dont know what can be done.Next, they are fanatic about doing it the right way. That means equipment 2009 The Folk Group, Adolescent, PA, 18901. 1. 215. 340. 9072 www. Foolproof. Com Page 2 of 8 s well maintained, systems are defined, documented and implemented the same way every time and everyone is well trained and does their Job right. After that they focus on problem Jobs ones that require re-design, special gating, handling or other steps to insure they are scrap free. Finally, they document all scrap and attack issues. There are other lean practices to implement. If production flows perfectly, there is no inventory waiting to be worked on.Metal casters have helped minimize work-in-process by installing conveyor lines to keep castings moving right through to finished goods storage. This eliminated putting the castings in totes and the added handling. One low to medium volume gray/ductile iron Jobbing foundry (casting weights under 50 pounds) we know now ships 30% of its production the same day and believes they can achieve 70% same day shipment. These standards arent Just for the high volume or dedicated metal casting companies any more. Automation or smart automation is a part of lean manufacturing as well.Automation refers to automating the process so humans can focus on what humans do best. The objective here is to design the machine so it knows when it is working abnormally and alerts human. The human no longer has to monitor normal production but can focus on abnormal or fault conditions. Removing routine and repetitive activity reduces the chance for error. Lean manufacturing is focused on doing the right tasks, at the right place, at t he right time, in the right quantity to achieve perfect work flow while eliminating waste (scrap) and with the ability and flexibility to change.Implementing lean manufacturing often requires a cultural change in all levels of the organization. Once management is committed, a program needs to be started that begins with small successes and grows to include the entire organization. The Toyota Production System (TAPS) focuses on murk and mud. Murk focuses on the preparation and planning of the process, or what work can be eliminated in the design process. Mud are those waste steps and processes that add cost. Murk is used in new product design and mud is used to improve existing operations. TAPS identifies 7 key mud*.They are 0 Transportation (moving products that is not actually required to perform the processing) 0 Inventory (all components, work-unprocessed and finished stock not being processed) 0 Motion (people or equipment moving or walking more than is required to perform he pr ocessing) 0 Waiting (waiting for the next production step) 0 Overproduction (production ahead of demand) 0 Over Processing (due to poor tool or product design creating activity) 0 Defects (the effort involved in inspecting for and fixing/scrapping defects) *From Lean Thinking, Woman, James P. ND Jones, Daniel T. , Free press, 2003, p. 352 What are the steps to developing a lean culture? 1 . Senior management needs to agree on a lean vision. Page 3 of 8 2. Identify the project leader and set objectives for the leader. 3. Communicate the plan and vision to the workforce 4. Solicit volunteers to form the Lean Implementation Team. Five to seven people with varied backgrounds seems to work best. 5. Appoint the Lean Manufacturing Implementation Team 6. Train the team in various lean tools. AS is often a good starting point. 7. Select pilot project implementation. . Implement the pilot. Evaluate the results, review and learn from mistakes made. 9. Roll out the next project(s). 10. Train su pervisors how to teach and train their employees. 11. Continue adding and training in additional lean manufacturing tools. Page 4 of 8 FIVE S Companies frequently select AS as a method to start their lean manufacturing program. Five S is a manageable process that is relatively easy for people to understand and get their arms around. Five S is a reference to five Japanese words that have been transliterated and translated into English.The technique is characterized, incorrectly, standardized cleanup. It is more than that. Five S is a method to organize and manage the workspace and work flow with the intent of improving efficiency by eliminating waste, improving work flow and reducing process inefficiencies. The asss are Sort (Series), Straighten (Sexton), Sweep (Skies), Standardize (Quickest) and Sustain (Skittish). Sort This means going through the work area and making sure only essential items are present. This is eliminating tools, materials, fixtures or any other items not used in the process.Everything else is stored or, preferably, discarded. Straighten Straighten focuses on setting the workplace in order to focus on efficiency. This is more than Just arranging the tools and equipment where they will be used and in the sequence they will be used. It is straightening the work path for materials, tools and the work process. Of all the steps this is the one that typically produces the greatest cost reductions. Straightening the work process can include changes in dies or tooling that reduces finishing labor, for example.It may include interaction with the customer to implement design changes that result in cost reduction or quality improvement. It is also the step that bears the most repeat visits to implement continual improvement. Sweep This is Just what it says keeping the workplace clean as well as neat. At the end of the shift, the work area is cleaned and everything is restored to its proper place. In straighten, the workplace is clearly marked whe re things go and gives confidence in the ability to find hat is needed when it is needed.The key point here is that cleanliness is a regular part of the daily work effort, not an effort initiated when the workplace gets too messy. Standardize Standardizing the work practices means operating in a consistent and standardized fashion. Everyone knows their role and exactly what his or her responsibilities are. Actions are taken the same way the right way every time. Sustain This means more than Just maintaining what has been established. Five S becomes a way of life and a new way to operate. It is important that management does not allow a gradual cline back to the old ways of operating.Sustain also means that when an issue arises a suggested improvement, a new tool becomes available, or a new output requirement the process is reviewed improvement. Page 5 of 8 At times a sixth S for Safety is added. Five S purists argue that implementation of the AS protocols will result in safe ty. Implementation of the AS program usually starts with a manageable project. These tend to be in limited work areas or warehouse locations. Once implemented, the results are publicized and the concept is expanded to other areas. The strength of AS is the ease of understanding and implementing the concept.