Life Situations Represented through Graphs Essay

Life Situations Represented through Graphs - Essay Example The total amount paid in electricity bills for the last 10 months was $384, meaning that The average amount of electricity bill per month was $384/10 = $38.4 During 5 of the last 10 months, the electricity bill was above average of $38.4 and for the remaining 5, it was below the average amount. In terms of trend, the monthly electricity cost for the house increased from October 2010 onwards and reached a maximum of $49 in December 2010 before starting to decrease again. It has been decreasing since then. The graph is non-linear as no three successive points lie on the same line; although, the overall graph looks like a half sine curve with a clear peak during December 2010 and January 2011. The months of December 2010 to February 2010 had very high electricity bills compared to other months. In other words, the winter months had much higher electricity bills compared to spring and fall. This means that the consumption of electricity is rather seasonal. This seems natural as there is no heating required in the house during spring and fall, while the heating appliances are kept on during the winter months, which increases the consumption of electricity. It is likely that this trend would continue over the years although the peaks and the troughs in the graph can be brought lower by using energy efficient devices. References Glencoe. (n.d.).

Effects Of Moderate Hyperhydration On Blood Pressure Biology Essay

Effects Of Moderate Hyperhydration On Blood Pressure Biology Essay Introduction The heart is an efficient machine that supplies the body with oxygenated blood and recycles unoxygenated blood (Weedman, 2009). Unoxygenated blood comes into the heart, is pumped to the lungs, oxygenated, and then returned to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body (Weedman, 2009). Blood pressure (BP) can be found by measuring systolic over diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the pressure in the blood vessels while the hearts beats while diastolic pressure is measured by the pressure after the heart beat (Weedman, 2009). Diastolic pressure is also called the filling stage because it occurs when the heart is in a state of relaxation and the semi-lunar valve is closed (Weedman, 2009). In opposition, systolic pressure transpires during contraction where the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are closed (Weedman, 2009). Heart Rate (HR or also referred to as pulse rate (PR)), read by taking a pulse either on neck, upper arm (most precise measurement) or wrist, uses arterial pressure to calculate the rate that blood is flowing through the arteries (Weedman, 2009). It differs from blood pressure and is the number of times the heart beats in one minute (Weedman, 2009). Heart rate and blood pressure are great points of interest in the human population because of the importance of the heart in human anatomy. The heart muscle is pertinent to survival and therefore been tested and experimented on habitually. Many tests have been done on the heart by many well established doctors. One of these studies tests the effect of respiratory ailments and stress on heart rate (Weber, 1985). The results show that heart rate and blood pressure are directly correlated with stress, meaning that when someone is stressed the harder their heart pumps and the more pressure is put on the muscle(Weber, 1985). Nevertheless, there are many other factors that affect heart rate and blood pressure. Most of the factors discussed share a direct correlation with heart rate. There are also some lifetime diseases that stem from vascular problems that were before thought to have little to no affect (Skoog, 1996). For instance, a study conducted about Dementia revealed that most victims also consistently had high BP. There is more hypothesized evidence that supports this claim, but it has yet to be proven. Despite the ambiguity of the correlation of BP and Dementia, there are many health related concerns that surrounds BP and HR. This is pertinent to the experiment conducted because it questions what health hazards surround dehydration. As the research of BP and HR becomes more involved, so do the experiments concerning them. In the experiment conducted in LIFE103, a biology class at Colorado State University, 27 subjects tested the affects of hydration on BP and HR/PR. It is hypothesized that there will be a significant change in both BP and HR this is relevant because previous studies showed that a change occurred in similar experiments (Mountain and Edward, 1992). Its predicted that BP and HR will decrease after the addition of water into the body. Materials and Methods All variables were kept as similar as the environment would allow and subjects didnt consumer water for two hours before experimentation was started. There was an uneven mixture of male and female and all students were of different weights, but roughly fell into a broad spectrum of normal weight. Three basal readings were taken from the 27 participants. The participants measured themselves using a sphygmomanometer and recorded both heart rate and blood pressure. These were then averaged and if the average was off, additional measurements were taken. Heart rate and blood pressure served as the independent variables, while the dependent variables were the water and the environmental factors. After basal measurements were completed students drank 2 cups of water. Water temperatures varied from room temperature to cold and data was separated according what temperature water subject drank. The subjects were given five minutes to consume the water. A reading was taken directly after the water was completely consumed. Readings of BP and PR were taken in increments of three minutes since the initial reading until the time struck twelve minutes. There were five total readings. Information from all of the subjects was gathered and charted. Data was analyzed by comparing data to previous tests, earlier hypothesized values, and T tested. Probabilities were found and then information was compiled into a list of results. Excel was used to assemble the results and create graphs and tables. Results The experiment took approximately twelve minutes after water was consumed. The 27 subjects did not drink anything for at least two hours prior, dehydration levels; however were minimal because students were told to keep at a comfortable hydration level (and two hours isnt sufficient to dehydrate a body completely). Hydration levels after drinking approximately two ounces of water were also minimal because of the small amount drunk. Differences between heart rate and pulse rate are not obvious before and after consumption of water. The pulse rate (or heart rate) had a more visible change. Comparing averages of final PR (twelve minutes after water was drunk) to the basal reading yielded a change, but it was within a hundredth of a decimal point. The change in blood pressure was also nonexistent. Though, if compared the values of diastolic and systolic pressure change more significantly than the values of the PR. The data is summarized below in a mixture of charts and written description. This simply surmises that the average PR basal reading is less than the average post PR at twelve minutes. However, the data is inconsistent because the basal reading is a collection of three different measurements and there could be unknown outliers. Doing a T test, the information is shown to be probable (P PR T Test PR vs PR PR1 Basal vs PR 12 min PR2 Basal vs PR12 min PR3 Basal vs PR12 min PR0 min vs PR12 min PR3 min vs PR12 min PR6 min vs PR12 min T Test .00028 .00028 .00079 .772211 .979664 .413052 T test scores based on excel calculations concerning an experiment performed in class. (P Table 1 The results were inconclusive, the changes were so minimal that (when averaged) the difference between the beginning pulse rate and the final pulse rate were within hundredths of a decimal of each other. Blood pressure had little change. Systolic pressure decreased slightly as did diastolic, but it was too such a degree that the change could be accounted by many variables. Drawing these conclusions, earlier hypothesis and prediction cannot be supported (this conclusion supported by T-test). The chart below shows the change of pulse rate after the water was consumed. There is no significant change as the time progresses. Average of PR taken at times 0,3,6,9 and 12 were used compared to the time that the experiment progressed over. Figure 2 Comparatively, blood pressure had similar results. On a time scale, blood pressure had no distinctive change. Figure 3 is the change in systolic pressure over time while Figure 4 is the change of diastolic pressure over the time stretch that the experiment was done in. It shows that nothing can be conclusively found about either pressure because the unpredictable nature of the line. Discussion As earlier hypothesized blood pressure will change and so will heart rate, however they will not be affected heavily because of the small amount of change that is being inflicted upon the subjects. It was predicted that after an amount of time without drinking any water the subjects heart rate will speed and after water has been added, heart rate will slow down. Alternatively, the experiment could have been improved with more control. There were many variables that were not accounted for. Water temperature, amount of water drunk, amount of exercise allowed to be exerted by the subjects, sex of subjects, size of subjects and normal heart rate and blood pressure of subjects were not consolidated in the experiment. This could contribute to experimental error, for the hypothesis and predictions are supported according to many experiments done by professional, scientists. These experiments have slightly different variables and test for slightly different results, but their results are conclusive to what should have been found in the experiment conducted in class (this experiment was also performed more professionally with greater differences in the control group and tested group). In opposition to hydration, dehydration has a lasting effect on heart rate as well (Montain and Edward, 1992). Understanding how dehydration affects heart rate is pertinent to understanding how hydration affects it (Montain and Edward, 1992). Expectations would be that they are complementary of each other and this study titled Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during excursive focuses on the dehydration aspect on the body and how the heart rate and blood pressure react (Montain and Edward, 1992). Hyperthermia is another aspect of this experiment, but seeing as it does not pertain to the experiment conducted in class, it will be overlooked (Montain and Edward, 1992). Directly pulling information from the Montian experiment, there were a certain number of cyclists that took part in the experiment, but they all fell into the same category: capable, normally low heart rate people (1992). Though there was no difference in the amount of sweat that the cyclists produced, there was a significant difference in their heart rates based on what amount of liquid that they consumed (there were four different groups, each assigned to a different amount of water) (Montain and Edward, 1992). The study shows that the level of dehydration directly correlates with HR (Montain and Edward, 1992). The amount of water in the blood indirectly correlates with Heart Rate meaning that the less water there is the harder the heart has to beat in order to get the stagnant blood through the veins and arteries and into the entire body (Montain and Edward, 1992). The x-axis is time (out of 110), this shows that heart rate. The heart rate increases with the smaller amount of fluid. An experiment performed by Nadel et al. similarly tests the effects of hyperhydration and hypohydration on the heart rate and the circulatory system, however, the investigation compares and contrasts the two different conditions other than going into depth in one over the other (1980). Maximal arm blood flow was taken for both of the experiments and when in a hypohydration condition, the blood flow was reduced by almost 50% (Nadel et al. 1980). Though there was a difference in the amount of blood when hyperhydration conditions were met (subject drank 2 liters of water), the difference was not significant enough to make a large impact on the subjects heart rate (Nadel et al. 1980). However, when the subject then exercises the heart rate is abnormally slow compared to normal and hypohydration conditions (Nadel et al. 1980). A sufficient amount of water also helps maintain a constant internal temperature (Nadel et al. 1980). Temperature is actually a very good way to measure the blood p ressure and as seen in the figure 7 blood flow can be measured against temperature to find that the less water a person has, the higher the temperature is (Nadel et al. 1980). Measures blood flow versus temperature (rectum or esophageal temperature is always used in cases like this). An earlier experiment performed in the early 1940s noted in Effect of hydration state on circulatory and thermal regulations studied the same topic, but in a different manor (Nadel et al. 1980). Their findings were conclusive that even when hypohydration conditions are achieved, when water is given to the subject in large quantities, hyperhydration conditions are easily established and a quick rebound of water replacement in the body takes place (Nadel et al. 1980). In fact, the body reaches a steady condition in much less time than it takes the body to get into a critical condition. This illustrates the fast effects of water retake in the heart rate and body (Nadel et al. 1980). These detailed experiments are crucial in helping to understand why the classroom experiment had differed results. The study size, though it certainly inflicted the value of the data, was not the problem, but the quality of the subjects. They were all of different athletic potential and did not have similar heart rates or blood pressure rates. The collection procedure itself could also have some error. Subjects measured their own pressures and rates and did not exactly time it between each three minute intervals. There was also not enough time to collect sufficient data (hours of dedication were needed, not minuet minutes). However, this cannot completely dismiss the experiment, but seeing further evidence from the studies illustrated earlier, it is clear that the classroom results do not correlate with any of this previous research. Even though the experiments were exactly the same, similar results should have been expected because the basic outlines for both of the experiments were the same (Mountain vs. classroom experiment). Therefore, even if both experiments were testing for something different they should have experienced comparable outcomes. Data and conclusions drawn from this experiment are skewed and cannot accurately portray what happens when a sudden increase in hydration happens in the body. Therefore the null hypothesis has failed to be rejected. Sources Cited Weber KT, Janicki JS. 1985. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for evaluation of chronic cardiac failure. The American journal of cardiology 55: Issue 2. Weedman and Sokoloski. 2009. Biology of Organisms: A Laboratory Manual for LIFE103. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. p 173 184. Skoog MD, L. Nilsson MD, G. Persson MD, B. Lernfelt MD, S. Landahl MD, B. Palmertz MD, L-A. Andreasson MD, A. Odà ©n PhD and A. Svanborg MD. 1996. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. The Lancet 347: 1141 1145. Montian J and Coyle F. 1992. Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 73: Issue 4. Nadel E R, Fortney M S, Wenger C B. 1980. Effect of hydration state of circulatory and thermal regulations. Journal of Applied Physiology 49: Issue 4.

Unilever :: essays research papers

Unilever's Path to Growth Strategy: Is it Working 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What are the chief elements of Unilever’s diversification strategy? Is Unilever pursuing a multicountry or a global strategy? What aspects of the strategy do you like? What aspects of the strategy are you skeptical about and why? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Unilever pay too much to acquire SlimFast? Is there any reason to believe that SlimFast might be a better performer as part of Unilever than it would be a standalone enterprise? Explain. Is SlimFast a good strategic fit, given that there are no other important diet products in Unilever’s product/brand portfolio? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is going on at SlimFast in 2003? Why are sales nose-diving? What can be done to get things turned around? Should the SlimFast business be sold? Was the acquisition a mistake? Why did things look so good at the time of the acquisition and so dismal now? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Unilever pay too much to acquire Ben & Jerry’s? Is there any reason to believe that Ben & Jerry’s might be a better performer as part of Unilever than it would be a standalone enterprise? What problems will Unilever be likely to encounter with its Ben & Jerry’s acquisition? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Did Unilever pay too much to acquire Best Foods? Why or why not? What is your assessment of Best Foods’ recent performance and business portfolio? Is Best Foods a good strategic fit? 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is your assessment of the caliber of Unilever’s lineup of businesses and brands as of late 2003? Did the acquisitions of SlimFast, Ben & Jerry’s, and Bestfoods enhance Unilever’s portfolio? Why or why not? 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does Unilever’s product/brand portfolio stack up against those of its chief competitors? 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What issues does Unilever management need to be concerned about? What problems do you see as of late 2003?

A Study of Human Flesh Search and Its Social and Ethical Issues

Abstract: Human Flesh Search (HFS) is one of the biggest Chinese internet phenomena. It has attracted great interest from IT specialists, legalists, sociologists and criminologists. This essay analyses how HFS works based on a typical case of the â€Å"Kitten Killer† and then the advantages and disadvantages of HFS were canvassed. In addition, the social and ethical issues surrounding HFS will be investigated. Finally, a solution will be presented, concentrating specifically on the importance of keeping a balance between information and power. With the rising number of Chinese netizens and the development of internet forums, blogs and BBS (Bulletin Board System) technology, freedom of information is becoming more and more common. As a result, a revolution in online search -Human Flesh Search has appeared and grown rapidly in recent years. It is defined as a Chinese internet phenomenon that uses massive computer mediated participation to purify the information from search engines and internet media. What is revolutionary is the way that humans, instead of machines, actually deal with the search questions and therefore there is increasing accuracy in the search results. That’s why it is considered as a â€Å"human flesh search†, humans do the searching. Here is s an example that can help people understand more deeply how HFS works. Early in the year of 2006, a horrible video of a smiling woman killing a kitten by stomping on it with the sharp point of her high heel, was uploaded and spread through the internet. Most people were angry at this inhuman behavior, so they turned to the human flesh search engine to find out who she was in reality. They hoped justice could be done and their purpose was to punish her by exposing and shaming her in front of her neighbours, families, friends and colleagues. In the Mop forum (http://dzh. mop. com/), a user even wrote â€Å"Find her and kick her to death like she did to the kitten! † With a post asking â€Å"Is there a front-facing photo so we can see her more clearly? †, the human flesh search had begun. Netizens traced the e-mail address associated with the site to a server in Hangzhou city. A follow-up post asked about where the video was taken: â€Å"Are users from Hangzhou familiar with this place? † Locals reported that there was nowhere in Hangzhou that looked like the backdrop in the video. Furthermore, the story was reported on television and in newspapers as the extension of the event, and people all around China saw the kitten killer’s photo. â€Å"I know this woman,† wrote the user â€Å"I’m Not Desert Angel â€Å"four days after the search began. She continued with â€Å"She’s not in Hangzhou. She lives in a small town in northeastern China. God, she’s a nurse! That’s all I can say. † Only six days after the first Mop post about the video, the kitten killer was found in Luobei city, and her name Wang Jiao was made public, as well as her phone number and her employer. The perpetrator Wang Jiao and the cameraman who filmed her were fired from what the Chinese call iron rice bowls; government jobs that have a good salary and a work guarantee. From this kitten killer case, it is obvious that the HFS is highly efficient. It does display an awe-inspiring power. Wang Jiao’s life had been ruined in just 6 days. She lost her good job, and it would be almost impossible for her to get a new one. Most importantly, she would be thought of as a cruel, mad person by others and would be hated or treated unfairly in society. She has paid for her mistake. But it is questionable about whether she deserved such severe punishment. This is only one of the cases. There are a number of positive and negative cases which have happened over the last few years. In recent years, the Human Flesh Search has become an international web phenomenon. From 2001 to May 2010, there were a total number of 405 episodes which had occurred in the world, with 392 taking place in China, 6 in the USA, 2 in Japan, 2 in Korea, 2 in the UK, 1 in France and 1 in Lithuania. (Fei-Yue, et al. , 2010) Figure 1 plots the number of HFS episodes quarterly over this time. (Fei-Yue, et al. , 2010)As we can see from the bar chart, HFS has become more popular in the past 2 years and it is still very popular now. Why is it able to retain its popularity? There must be some advantages to it. The human flesh search has five advantages. Firstly, due to its â€Å"human flesh† feature, the human being can accurately understand the user’s search question, and manually collect and sort out information. Therefore, it is more accurate than an automated search machine. Secondly, it gathers the power of crowds to make it easier and quicker to share information, thereby increasing working efficiency. For example, it does a great job in helping people looking for missing relatives after a disaster. Thirdly, it provides a free-speaking space which helps with making better decisions and solving social problems. Fourthly, the politicians in power are supervised by public opinion which can reduce bribery and corruption. Fifthly, HFS uncovers the scandals, digs out the truth, condemns the â€Å"grievances† and therefore plays a significantly deterrent role on violation ethics. These five advantages are the reasons why HFS has not been eliminated by the Chinese government and its popularity increases. However, it also has some undeniable risks. The HFS has some disadvantages that cannot be ignored. Firstly, it can easily exceed the moral bottom line as it is virtual and uncontrollable. Some people might even lie to gain benefit from it. Secondly, it can cause a conflict of interest among different groups. Thirdly, it can infringe human rights and privacy that lead to harassment. Most importantly, some people’s lives may be seriously and negatively affected by the exposure of their private life and cyber violence. The biggest issue in human flesh search is the invasion of privacy. Privacy is defined as a citizen’s basic right and should be protected despite the fact that a person did something wrong or not. It is obvious that HFS is against the privacy law but people still use it as a way to punish immorality. It leaves a question about how to avoid this special form of online vigilante justice becoming a trigger of privacy infringement. Another issue we need to worry about is deception in the HFS. It is really hard to distinguish whether the purpose of a posted request is malicious or not. If the requestor has a hidden purpose, it would be so unfair for the person who is harassed by the wrong criticism and condemnation. Studying the advantages and disadvantages of human flesh search and the issues caused by it, shows that it is important to keep a balance between information and power. To achieve this, it has something to do with legislation and boundary. China has the highest number of HFS episodes in the world. The main cause of this situation is the lack of legislation leading to the lack of privacy awareness of the Chinese netizens. Although there are some laws in China to protect privacy, the legislation to protect privacy for networks is really weak. This issue is only related to in some relevant laws, such as the â€Å"Computer Information Network and the Internet Interim Provisions on the implementation of the anagement approach†. Article 18 provides: â€Å"Shall not distribute malicious information on the network, send a message in the fraudulent use of others name, violating the privacy of others†. â€Å"Computer Information Network and the Internet Security Protection and Management Measures† Article 9 states: â€Å"The user’s freedom and privacy of correspondence are protected by law, any unit or individual shall not be violation of the law and violations of freedom and privacy of correspondence of users using the Internet†. The People’s Republic of China Telecommunications Regulations† Article 58 provides that any organization or individual shall not: â€Å"Engage in activities of stealing or damaging others information, and damaging the legitimate rights and interests of others in the use of Telecommunications network†. (Guang&Zechao, 2010)These provisions provided a certain legal basis for the network to protect privacy, but they are too simple and general in terms of the accountability of severe consequences caused by human flesh search. The punishments provide no deterrent for people who are tempted to maliciously damage others through HFS. Also, the juridical operation is hard to implement. For every HFS episode, a large number of netizens are involved and therefore it is difficult to identify and charge the culprit. In order to avoid the tragedy that may be caused by HFS, it is important for the Chinese to take some action, even though this will be complicated due to the special features of HFS and the current imperfect Chinese legislative situation. Below are some countermeasures and suggestions for the improvement of the situation that may have arisen through Human Flesh Search use. They are mostly about reaching the balance between information and power. Firstly, some protection can be acquired through legislation. The government should enact a clear and independent law to prohibit unauthorized netizens from stealing and illegally publishing another’s personal information. Besides, there should be a specific law for online behavior to control the netizens from deliberate harassment. Secondly, by using the technology, the network organizations should enhance their supervision and controllability of the forum and information audit. They should keep a close watch on the online activities so that if something impropriate happens, they would be able to block or stop that immediately. Another important measure is to deal with this issue through internet regulation. The government should introduce a real-name registration system for bloggers and internet forum users. Finally, every netizen should enhance self-protection awareness and preventive measures. Also, they need to have the ability to distinguish between truth and deception. There must be a balance between trust and skepticism. The Chinese Government can help this by promoting internet safety and setting up some specific consultants. The rising Human Flesh search phenomenon has become a big challenge for both Chinese citizens and government. It has exerted a huge influence to not only network, but also the society. The statistic and situation that have been analysed also show that it is impossible to ban the HFS. However, it is of the highest importance to make every one realise the possible damages and consequences that HFS could cause so that all can be made aware of it. After a discussion of the advantages, disadvantages , social and ethical issues involved with HFS, it can be observed that a balance between information and power must be achieved. Some countermeasures and suggestions have been provided to ameliorate the negative features of HFS. It is time for people to take action to reduce future possible harm to the lowest degree and to fully take advantage of it.

Dynamic and formal equivalence Essay

?Commentory on translation Choisir une notion (foreignization) ? Explain and expand it Explain the key concepts Critics about Relate this approach to the translation task Seminar paper choisir un article qui parle de traduction resumez l’article et presentez les differents point critiques qui on ete faites sur l’auteur critiques justifies ou pas ? Domestication and Foreignization Theory. Domestication and foreignization are two basic translation strategies which provide both linguistic and cultural guidance for translators in rendering culture-specific source texts into target texts. The invisibility of translator is related to theory of domestication and foreignization. In his experiences as a translator and at the same time his inspirations by German philosopher Schleiermacher, Venuti describes the role and activity of translator in British and American cultures. In fact, Venuti’s work is inspired by Schleiermacher’s essay where he moves beyond strict issues of word-for-word and sense-for-sense, literal, faithful and free translation, and considers that there is only two options to translate ‘truly’: Either the translator leaves the writer in peace as much as possible and moves the reader toward him, or he leaves the reader in peace as much as possible and moves the writer toward him (Munday: p. 46) Domestication: Domestication is the type of translation which involves minimizing the source-text foreign elements to the target-language cultural values. Foreignization, on the other extreme, involves retaining the foreigness of the original-language text. In Venuti? s perspective, the foreign elements should be highlighted by the translator to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text. The debate over domestication and its extreme method of foreignization has strongly influenced by and later developed from the time-worn controversy over literal and free translation methods (Dongfeng 2002). Literal and liberal translations are two techniques adopted to tackle the linguistic form, whereas domestication and foreignization transcend linguistic boundaries. They are more concerned with the two cultures. The former replaces the source culture with the target culture and the latter preserves the differences in both linguistic presentation and cultural connotation of the source culture (Yang, 2010).

Amendment I essays

Amendment I essays Amendment I - Freedom of Religion, Press, Expression. 12/15/1791. "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." While "Congress shall make no law abridging speech," there are nevertheless exceptions made for speech that may be found harmful to overall society or individuals. Government and the courts have built a history of First Amendment jurisprudence that runs contrary to its absolutist language. For instance, you may not yell "FIRE" while watching a movie or play in a crowded theater unless there really is a fire. Courts have found such occurrences to cause undue hysteria, potentially threatening the safety of others. Falsely hollering fire is just one of the many exceptions that may be placed upon the First Amendment to protect individual or societal welfare. "Congress shall make no law" has been impinged upon. Such instances include cases in the following areas: What is interesting about the First Amendment is that its jurisprudence is still developing, and is increasingly focused on new technologies like the Internet. Because the Internet is not a newspaper, television, or telephone, ambiguity exists as to how to treat it as a medium of discourse. ...

Statistical Concepts Essays - Evaluation Methods, Formal Sciences

Statistical Concepts Essays - Evaluation Methods, Formal Sciences Statistical concepts Statistical concepts are used in various aspects on industry. The following highlights the use of statistics in these industries: Accounting/Auditing, Insurance, and Medical (Pharmaceutical). In the accounting/auditing field, it is imperative that the auditor makes an effort to determine that financial statements are stated accurately and free of material error (appear to be stated accurately). To accomplish this task, auditors utilize test methods that include statistical sampling of accounting transactions payroll, accounts payable, accounts receivable, journal entries, etc.. This statistical approach is used for validating (determining the accuracy) financial statements through limited test work. This limited test work is based on the statistical approach of how a population reacts ie, a small sample of the population is generally representative of the entire population. The use of statistics provides the auditor with a tool that provides comfort in the amount of test work required to achieve ?adequate" scope coverage to meet a representative sample of the financial scope. This use of statistics provides an auditor with a lower cost approach to substantiate accuracy this is important to both the auditing firm and the industry being audited. Another industry that utilizes statistics on a daily basis is the insurance industry. In fact, this industry relies on statistics to help forecast its bottom line results. The typical insurance company uses statistics to determine approval rates for clients, while providing coverage (life, medical, dental, etc.) and turning a profit. For example, an insurance company might use statistical concepts to determine the trend of a population. This statistical approach might be used to determine the likelihood of a population incurring extreme medical needs, birth rates, or surgery. The results of this approach help the insurance company project the probability of incurring medical, dental, and/or life claims and therefore, enables the company to establish premium rates that delivery profitable results. The medical/pharmaceutical industry is another major industry segment that utilizes statistical concepts on a daily basis. Statistical concepts are used to determine the appropriateness of distributing new drugs (ie, determine the likelihood of drug interactions). This is an example of how statistics truly have a very favorable or detrimental impact on daily life. Again, population trending is used to determine whether or not a drug should be released to the general public (based on the results of a small sample size) for consumption. As indicated, statistical concepts play a key role in various industries. These concepts determine not only how we work but also how we live.

Ban These 15 Words From Your Writing

Ban These 15 Words From Your Writing Streamlined writing is an automatic way to present yourself as polished and professional.   The next time you write an important email, report, or even a quick note, check to see if you can delete any of the following before sending- your writing will be better for it. 1. Thatâ€Å"That† is a part of speech most people use without thinking. It’s often totally unnecessary! Here are 4 sentences using â€Å"that†- see which ones are totally acceptable without it!1. A) â€Å"She said that she would be late.†2. B) â€Å"That puppy is the cutest thing ever.†3. C) â€Å"Did you hear about that explosion?†4. D) â€Å"You should pick up the books that are on the floor†Choices A and D can function perfectly well without â€Å"that† cluttering up their momentum. â€Å"You should pick up the books on the floor† and â€Å"She said she would be late† seem so light and airy now!Also, stop using â€Å"that† to refer to pe ople. â€Å"The people that piled out of the car†? No! â€Å"The people who piled out of the car.† Because they are people, car or no car.2. WentSometimes â€Å"went† as in the past tense of â€Å"go† is the shortest distance between two points, but you also miss an opportunity to establish information about how whoever got wherever- did she race, fly, hurry, dawdle, drive, carom, or drift?3. HonestlyI have to do a find and replace in my essays for â€Å"honestly† all the time- it falls under the heading of what I call â€Å"throat clearing† with my students. I use it as a moment to pause and then convey earnestness, but the thing is, what it actually suggests is that you haven’t been honest this whole time.4. AbsolutelyThere is a time and a place for emphasis. But unless you’re writing marketing or publicity copy, you probably don’t need the EXTREME INSISTENCE of something being absolute.5. VeryWe use â€Å"very† to strengthen our intention, but it often winds up watering it down instead. Make your sentence stand on its own!6. ReallySimilarly, â€Å"really† gives an illusion of intensification without adding much meaning at all.7. AmazingThe New York Mets are amazing. They â€Å"cause great surprise or sudden wonder† because for a long time they have been terrible at playing baseball and finally this year, they are good at it. Outside of Citifield, though, â€Å"amazing† is so overexposed that nothing is really that impressive. Certainly not impressive enough to earn the name.8. AlwaysWhenever you work in absolutes (see â€Å"absolutely†) you are in a black or white zone. There’s no nuance in â€Å"always,† there’s no space for growth or revision. Unless you’re giving instructions or outlining procedure, give some wiggle room.9. NeverI refer you to the above.10. LiterallyThis is one of those words that started getting used for comedic effect and has taken over our lexicon. Did this actually happen? No? Is it a metaphor? Yes? Then why are we clinging to this mass illusion that so many things are actually happening?11. JustThis is something women get hyper-criticized for using, when the truth is it weakens anyone’s writing  to diminish their contribution by beginning with â€Å"I was just going to say†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Use â€Å"just† when you’re talking about fairness or impartiality, otherwise leave it in the drawer.12. MaybeAnother one that women get extra criticized for, despite the chilly reception we often get when we make firm  statements. If you’re sure, sound sure!13. StuffI had a student in one of my classes announce her fantasy story was taking place in the Kingdom of Stuff, on Stuff Island. She’s 8. We can forgive her. Are you 8?14. ThingsDitto â€Å"Stuff†15. IrregardlessPut this in a lockbox at the bottom of the sea along with â€Å"supposably.†It may take a while to (metaphorically) eliminate  these words from your brain, but adding in an extra mental filter when you edit should help you sharpen your writing and improve your persuasiveness immediately. Cut out the filler, the throat-clearing, the circling around, and you’ll find you come through on the page with more clarity and staying power.

Denver City Council Ban on Urban Camping Case Study

Denver City Council Ban on Urban Camping - Case Study Example According to the study the proposed ordinance seeks to define the word camping, to include temporary stay on public or private property sheltering against any form of elements. This ordinance will be adopted under the police powers and premised upon the basis of protecting the health, safety and the general welfare of the public. It should be viewed that this ordinance is not merely a law that seeks to prohibit the mere act of sleeping on public or private property. The proposed ordinance to be passed banning unauthorized camping in the city is due to factors such as health and safety of its residents. People sleeping out in the open exposed to all manner of harm raises concern and bring with it a lot of harm. This proposed ordinance seeks to make it illegal to camp on "any private property without the express written consent of the property owner" and "any public property except in any location where camping has been expressly allowed." When people sleep exposed in urban areas, heal th and safety indeed are concerns. The ban comes as a wakeup call to the business owners within the region since tourists visiting the town are affected. Many business owners have to contend with people sleeping outside their place of work. This in turn has an effect on the economy, for example, crime rates have increased and there is so much filth within the area.2 Downtown areas have to be reclaimed, and not to be turned into an eyesore. Carroll also states that the increased encroachment by the homeless people on the streets of Denver causes the loss of the city as a place of entertainment. The author quotes the Mayor’s statements that losing downtown to the homeless is tantamount to losing the city itself. An increase in homelessness and encroachment also causes financial concern, since many meetings dwell on the issue. However, there have been increasing criticisms of the proposed law.

History (Biography Reviews) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History (Biography Reviews) - Essay Example In describing his earlier campaigns, I have had recourse to much fuller material than in the latter portions. The reports of many subordinate commanders, Union and Confederate, have been published, and there are even critical commentaries upon these, which guard the historian against error. 1 The book gives presents only the military career of Grant although there are some parts that touch upon his personal life such as Chapter II which gives a background of his childhood and Cadet Life. Somehow, there is a good rationale for covering only Grant’s exploits since he is a very private person . Although there are times where his ethics have been questioned, that has happened after the war. Like any individual who has been popular, there is always an inclination for politics. The book’s sequence of events is arranged chronologically with the sequence of events beginning with the start of the war. However, the author’s main purpose was not really to go into much detail of the war as expressed in the Preface. His writings were mainly focused on the plans made by the General, the way the plan was executed as well as the results of his campaign. Perhaps, the author’s motive is to show the readers the General’s plans and his achievements. Unfortunately, the author cannot discuss completely the topics without getting into many details such as dates and names of people involved. The book was almost a journal that reported the daily battles of the subject. This makes the biography very authentic since it was written during the time that it happened. Moreover, the author personally knew the subject which makes the book a good primary source. The author’s main point of view is that Grant was a successful General as he said â€Å"Grant is the first soldier of the age, and the most distinguished American of the Regenerated Republic†2 . The biography is recommended for readers who are interested in a detailed narration of military

Examine the difference between integration and inclusion in terms of Essay

Examine the difference between integration and inclusion in terms of special educational needs provision in the UK - Essay Example History of Special education needs The history of special needs dates back decades ago, but the documented cases were evident in the beginning of the 20th century where ideas about the provision of education for children with special needs were based on a medical model of ‘defects’. This model was mainly focused on difference rather than nor ­mality, on illness rather than well being, and particularly on the ‘problem’ with the child (Lewis, 1999). Deficit rather than potential was used to categorize children with various needs. Therefore, the special education needs began with the establishment of separate special schools for children with special needs and required an extra care. The educational reforms of 1944 In 1944, significant educational reforms were developed; most of them were targeted to cater the educational need of each and every child. This educational act also addressed the needs and requirements that were thought essential to fulfill the eme rging need for special education. However, this pact had some drawbacks associated with it such as it did not liberate the needs of those with special needs as it did for the normal children. It still used the medical model of disability where deficit rather than potential was used. ... The approach stressed the work with children with spe ­cial needs moved towards an approach favored by behaviorist psychologists. They criticisized the medical approach and saw the operant technique more adequate since it stressed the importance and risks associated with the problems and issues related in fulfilling the needs of special children by putting that responsibility on teachers (Lewis, 1999). The behaviorist technique turned out to be very helpful as it was directly effective in helping the children as well as in suppressing their particular difficulties with more understanding. De?nition of Special Educational Needs Children have special educational needs if they suffer during the process of learning which naturally raises the need for the development of a special educational provision for them. Children encounter learning difficulty if they: a) face a greater difficulty in learning as compare to the other children of the same age group; or b) have a disability which kee ps them away or hinders them from facilitating themselves from the use of educational services of a kind generally provided for children of the same age group in schools and other institutes within the vicinity of the local education authority; c) are under obligatory school age and come within the de?nition at a) Or b) above or in case if the special educational provision was not developed for them. Children must not be discriminated on having a learning difficulty only on the basis of language or any form of language they speak at home which maybe different from the language or medium in which they will be taught. Special educational provision means: a) for children of 2 or over,

Marketing in Airline Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing in Airline Industry - Essay Example In order to attract customers and increase their loyalty, marketers today try to associate their products with an element of service attached to it. For example, when a customer buys a car, he enjoys the facility of free service for the first three years from the car manufacturer company ((ICMR)). If a goods and services are represented on a continuum with highly tangible goods on the extreme left and highly intangible services on the extreme right, the bundle of goods and services will fall somewhere along the middle of the continuum. The industry that has been selected for discussion in this paper is the airline industry. The airline industry is regulated by the Ministry of Civil Aviation in the domestic market and by a system of bilateral service agreements in the international market. The bilateral service agreements regulate the prices offered by various airlines, capacity of the aircraft, and the routes to be served by these airlines (Sky News). The future of the airlines industry depends on the flight schedules, take-off time, in-flight and airport service, safety records, fleet capacity and efficiency, route frequency, strategic alliances with other airlines and businesses like hotels, etc. Characteristics of the airline industry Airline industry is highly competitive. Competition is intense on the routes which are more profitable. The growth of the industry is closely linked to economic growth. An airline seat is an intangible and perishable good and hence marketers need to take special care while formulating their marketing strategies. Demand is price elastic i.e. as the price of service goes down the demand goes up, and income elastic i.e. when the income of the general population goes up, more people tend to travel by air. The profitability of an airline increases, when the flight capacity is properly utilized and the aircraft spends less time on the ground. There has been a revolutionary increase in the number of low-cost airline which are otherwise called the budget airlines in the aviation industry over the last few years. The budget airlines are usually operators who provide low-cost travel options for the passengers. The budget airlines try and cut the indirect costs to the maximum possible extent. Passengers are not offered wet towels, meals etc. Sometimes it may even happen that they do not even offer water to the passengers flying the budget airlines (Phillip). Marketing of Airlines Like any other industry, promotional activities play an important role in the airline industry as well. Airlines today offer attractive schemes to woo customers. These include frequent flyer schemes, special benefits, discounts, festive season offs, gifts like electronic equipment or kitchen appliances, access to club lounges, and special discounts with the alliance's business. Quality of service can be a useful tool for airlines to gain a competitive advantage. This is because passengers expect airline crew to be efficient, friendly and helpful. Thus, proactive customer orientation is the need of the hour. Marketing Strategies Airlines must identify and eliminate non-value adding cost and use the money saved to provide better quality services. The company should find a niche market and cater to it. Identifying and flying to

Essay for applaying to the university Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For applaying to the university - Essay Example I am well-versed in circuits and electronics and enjoy working with items such as resistors, inductors, transistors, and circuits. Computer engineering is another area that I thrive in because of my passion for computers. My background in geometry and calculus should give me an advantage over my peers in the area of mathematics. Algebra is another subject that will help me in my endeavor to becoming an Electrical Engineer. All these subjects will assist me in learning any new concepts that may come up. In addition to my educational knowledge, my life experiences will help me to achieve my goals. I like to meet people from different cultures because it gives me an opportunity to learn something new about the world; I do not claim to know everything that there is to know. In my free time I like to play soccer in order to remain active. I am very excited to hear back from you about my application to your university. I know I can surpass all your

Political Ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Political Ideologies - Essay Example Ideals such as ethnic diveristy, equal opportunity and accurate representation are great ideals but it cannot be imposed that will impede free speech which is inherent in the artistic expression of film making. Film making just like any art form, are not subjected to any absolute prescription of how it should be done but depends on the film maker’s interpretation of the universe and the artistic manner it is conveyed. ACE’s advocacy to impose ethic diversity, equal opportunity, and accurate representation of a movie is a casting decision with expressive element because such advocacy also entails the expression of a particular political persuasion. Such political persuasion (ethnic diversity, equal opportunity and accuracy of representation) will not take any material form if not explicitly expressed and thus the validity of such expressive element should be subjected to the O’Brien and Cohen tests. To pass the O’Brien test, ACE must satisfy all four regula tions which are; 1. The law must be within the constitutional power of government.   2. The law must further important or substantial government interest.   3. The interest must be unrelated to the suppressing expressions.   4. Any incidental limit on expression is no greater than necessary.  ... quality and diversity are one of many the bedrocks of this country.   Indeed the political persuasion or advocacy of ACE is important or substantial to government interest. ACE however did not meet the criteria in the third element of O’Brien test that stipulates that such expressive element must be unrelated to the suppressing expressions in the same manner that â€Å"the constitutional power of Congress to raise and support armies and to make all laws necessary and proper to that end is broad and sweeping† (UNITED STATES v. O'BRIEN, 1968) has no relation with the suppression of speech. In Ace’s case, it is DIRECTLY RELATED to suppressing another’s expression which is that of Donalds interpretation of rendering a particular movie. ACE, in pushing for its advocacy for equality, diversity and accurate representation of film albeit laudable, trampled on another right to free speech thus directly relates to suppression of another’s right to free spee ch. It follows that the exercise of ACE’s advocacy directly suppress another’s right to artistic expression and freedom of speech and places not only an incidental limit on expression that is not only greater than necessary but unnecessary in the first place because no attempt should be made to abridge artistic vision. Unlike in O’Brien case where the Supreme Court ruled that â€Å"we perceive no alternative means that would more precisely and narrowly assure the continuing availability of issued Selective Service certificates than a law which prohibits their wilful mutilation or destruction† (United States vs. O’Brien, 1968) ACE has other avenues where the advocacy of ethnic diversity and equality is appropriate. Thus, ACE may have passed the first two elements of the O’Brien test but grossly failed on the

Essay for applaying to the university Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For applaying to the university - Essay Example I am well-versed in circuits and electronics and enjoy working with items such as resistors, inductors, transistors, and circuits. Computer engineering is another area that I thrive in because of my passion for computers. My background in geometry and calculus should give me an advantage over my peers in the area of mathematics. Algebra is another subject that will help me in my endeavor to becoming an Electrical Engineer. All these subjects will assist me in learning any new concepts that may come up. In addition to my educational knowledge, my life experiences will help me to achieve my goals. I like to meet people from different cultures because it gives me an opportunity to learn something new about the world; I do not claim to know everything that there is to know. In my free time I like to play soccer in order to remain active. I am very excited to hear back from you about my application to your university. I know I can surpass all your

Discourse Community Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discourse Community Analysis - Essay Example Communication among the subjects of this paper is not very different from what is generally observed but is expressed through the most recent means brought about by technology like twitter, facebook and text messaging in addition to speaking and non-verbal methods of communicating. Having an account in the aforementioned social networking sites is now common not only to teenagers but to children and adults as well but this study limits itself among the teenagers alone. Updates, friendly chats, class discussions and other important matters are now easily accessed with the wide availability of the internet to every teenager in 16th street, Downtown so that most of them are updated with the latest local news and other interesting matters there could be discussed over the internet. The growing number of internet users now places teenagers without facebook or twitter accounts among the lower class who are not able to afford personal computers or internet connections or are rather poor eno ugh not to be able to go to school and become aware of such high technology developments. Other thoughts prevalent among teenagers about those who have no such accounts are considered to be old people who are not keen enough to learn how to manipulate the computer. In the exchange of ideas whether through face to face communication or through the internet and with the abundance of sites teenagers could visit but are not allowed by their parents, slang languages have been developed among the teenagers for them to hide things they do not like their parents to know. For instance, pornographic sites or images are referred to as ‘pron’ instead of the widely known term ‘porn’. This is to trick parents that what they are talking about or referring to are not offensive and also to let them stay away from them and their friends when they are discussing such matters. When they mention skittles, they are not talking about the candy bar rather the topic is about a type of drug commonly available to teenagers. No parent would ever suspect anything fearful with this attempt of the young people to hide their discussions from their parents so that even if they are hearing them say these things, the parents are just left clueless. Another common term used among teenagers in 16th street is the word ‘trannie’ or ‘tranzie’ which refers to trans-genders and come quite derogatory to those they refer to because they are usually singled out from their groups. Some slang terms are not just used to hide things from parents but from fellow teenagers as well in an attempt not to hurt their feelings like the formerly mentioned example which could be referred to a friend who is trans-sexual, accepted in a group yet is not far from being talked about. On the other groups’ point of view however, the words mentioned earlier place those who use them as rude or even members of some gang. Although the words usually hide the real topics f rom the untrained ears of older groups like parents, such talks also come with non-verbal communication that would express arrogance, haughtiness and some air of dislike to them so that they begin the

Kurt Weill And Weimar Germany Music Essay

Kurt Weill And Weimar Germany Music Essay Kurt Weill b Dessau, 2 March 1900; d New York, 3 April 1950 was a German composer and an American citizen from 1943. He was among the prominent composers following the devastation of World War I, and a significant figure in the evolution of contemporary forms of musical theatre. His thriving and influential work for Broadway during the 1940s was a development in commoner terms of the exploratory stage works that had made him one of the world-class avant-garde theatre composers of the Weimar Republic. Weills music and the Weimar Republics influence cannot be understood without understanding the political, historical, economic and cultural aspects of the Weimar Republic, and similarly a brief history of his life during the Weimar Republic. Kurt Weill grew up in a devout Jewish family in the quarter in Dessau, Germany, (Sandvorstadt) where his father was a cantor. By age twelve, Kurt Weill had started piano lessons and it was during this time that he attempted writing music. By 1915 Weill was being privately tutored in composition, piano, music theory and conducting; and with this training, in 1918 he enrolled at the Berliner Hochschule fà ¼r Musik at the age of 18, where he studied composition with Engelbert Humperdinck, conducting with Rudolf Krasselt and counterpoint with Friedrich E. Koch. Due to hardships in the aftermath of WW1 he stopped his studies and during this time, he composed an orchestral suite in E-flat major, Schilflieder, a cycle of five songs to poems by Nikolaus Lenau and a symphonic poem of Rilkes The Lay of the Love and Death of Cornet Christopher Rilke as well as. From 1921 -1923 Weill returned to Berlin to study with Ferruccio Busoni, and on November 18, 1922, his pantomime for children Die Zaub ernacht (The Magic Night) premiered at the Theater am Kurfà ¼rstendamm; it was the first public concert of any of Weills works in musical theatre. While Weill was studying music a period of political, economic and social turbulence was occurring. Following Germanys defeat in the First World War and the abdication of the Kaiser, a democratic republic was forced on the German people by US president Woodrow Wilson and his fourteen points. The new government had the responsibility of signing the treaty of Versailles and the new government would always be accountable for all the issues that Germany faced, which when the aftermath of the war clear would be many. Backed by the legend of dolchstoss (stab-in-the-back) the German people hated the Weimar government and attributed all their troubles to the republic. Hyper-inflation, reparations, loss of the Rhineland, dependence on foreign loans and pressure from extreme right and left wing political parties were key aspects of the turbulence experience in the Weimar Republic, but above all was the treaty of Versailles. It is this treaty that has multiple historians, Bessel (1990), W.Conze (1954), K.Borchardt (1982), theorising that the Weimar political system was doomed to failure because of its association with the treaty and the knowledge that signing it was a betrayal of the German people and their values. While Weimar Germany was politically and economically unstable, Weimar culture (the aspect that Kurt Weill was directly involved with), was one of the most progressive and vibrant in the world during the years of 1919 to 1933. The republic was considered by the majority of Europe as a place of greater sexual liberty and acceptance. In particular, Berlin, became a thriving centre of many new art movements such as expressionism. Its status in the world of the arts was of the same if not greater importance then New York after 1945. Cultural freedom in Weimar was not widely accepted by all. To the right, the new Weimar culture was repugnant, immoral and self-indulgent and produced and image of Weimar that encouraged new political and social thinking. The abundance of composers and performers that were associated with the communist party, which had become a fashionable aspect of intellectual Europe, violated traditional aspects of German culture, (this would later be restored during the Nazi regime with the introduction of censorship of composers like Kurt Weill). In the post-war Weimar Republic, a more realistic view of art was obtained, which influenced a clearer sense of the artists social/moral abilities. The war had killed aestheticism and the musical world had already been stripped to its foundations, Weimar did not need traditional music. Kurt Weill provides an insight into this view, I have just played to you music by Wagner and his followers. You have seen that this music consists of so many notes that I was unable to play them all. You would have liked now and then to join singing the tune, but this proved impossible. You also notice that the music made you sleepy, and drunk, as alcohol or an intoxicating drug might have done. You do not wish to go to sleep. You wish to hear music that can be understood without explanation. You probably wonder why your parents attend concerts. It is, with them, a mere matter of habit; nowadays there are matters of greater interest to us all; and if music cannot serve the interest of all, its existence is not longer justified. Despite the social freedom, the noticeable representation of Jews in the new artistic movements of Weimar raised this hostility. As an ambitious musician Kurt Weill rapidly became a feature in the energetic artistic scene of 1920s Berlin. In 1922 he joined the Novembergruppe, a group of left-wing Berlin artists that included Hanns Eisler and Stefan Wolpe. They mainly performed the works of modernist composers like Berg, Schoenberg,Hindemith, Stravinsky and Krenek. He had some early successes, but it was his partnership with Brecht that changed Weill into an international sensation. Weimar is truly represented in Die Dreigroschenoper or The Threepenny Opera which debuted on 31 August 1928 at Berlins Theater am Schiffbauerdamm. The 1928 play is an adaptation of the original English Eighteenth-century play, The Beggars Opera written by John Gay. Brechts and Weill had heard of the English play, and thought it was something that could be adapted for the people of Weimar. They found character in its promising political themes so they had The Beggars Opera translated into German for them. With newly discovered Marxist theory in mind, another aspect of Weimars extreme political spectrum, Brecht and Weill then rewrote the play, creating what was to become the the hit of the season. The new German title was an allusion to the meagre amount of wealth with which the working class could use to see theatrical performances. This epic theatre style was performed in the round, evocative surroundings of Shakespeares Globe Theatre with its style also aimed at its working class audience. The name references not only the price of admission, thus the economic status of the Weimar Republic, but is also alludes to the political issues of capitalism national socialism and the working class on which the play itself is based. It was ironic that while Brecht attempted to make a social commentary on the evils of capitalism, the musical score composed by Weill became an immediate success across Germany. Its jazzy features and sharp satire were fuel enough the make it provoke love among the Weimar jazz fans of the day and Weimars obscesion with America. The character Mackie Messe is the anti-protagonist of the play and only one of the countless colourful performances of Brechts original play. However, Weills original score did not include this popular jazz hit until only a few days before opening night. The actor performing Mackie Messe refused to go on unless his character received an appropriate introduction for his character. It was in haste that the lyrics to the introductory song describing Mackies despicable crimes was penned. (theatre and Art, 2010) The Mahagonny opera is most probably to the best-known of Weills works from the Weimar period, its historical affect defines, alongside that of Die Dreigroschenoper, as the most frequently performed works of musical theatre of the Weimar Period. Here Weill alluded to a large amount of found-art, from broadside ballads and parlour melodies to operatic recitative and ensemble-finales. The song forms, for which the work has become rightly renowned, are simply one aspect of the score whose strength lies in the stylistic levels as much on its cautiously selected variety of the emotional and the sarcastic alusions. Weills handling of the band was immediately recognized as definitive for jazz orchestration in art music, and his use of harmonizations came to be a feature not only with his own unique voice but with the Weimar jazz age as a whole. Weill had become the most recognised theatre composer to have emerged in the Weimar Republic. This fact, regardless of his Jewish ancestry and leftist political standings, was inevitable that they would become clear targets when the Weimar Republic started to collapse in 1929. The unruly premià ¨re of Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny in Leipzig in 1930 was the lead up to a determined movement to drive his works from the state-subsidized theatres. By the start of the 1932-1933 season this campaign had largely achieved its ends: despite the critical and public acclaim for his opera Die Bà ¼rgschaft (1930-32), the most ambitious of his pieces for the German stage, the work was shunned by most theatres. The enthusiastic reception given to a concert of his music at the Salle Gaveau in Paris (December 1932) confirmed his feeling that he should do more to promote his works outside Germany. (Kurt Weill, 2010) Like the majority of the Jewish artistic population, Weill continually misapprehended various political developments, believing that Weimar could not get worse and would only get better. Upon learning that he and his wife were officially on the Nazi blacklist, at which stage the Nazis had gained power, and were due to be arrested, so in March 1933 he crossed the border to France, still hoping that his stay in Paris would be temporary. It is clear that Kurt Weill was influenced by the social, economic and political characteristics of the Weimar Republic. Like so many artists, director and composers he was affected by the political and economic instability of the Republic and in response used his music to comment on social change. His major works, particularly Die Dreigroschenoper (the threepenny opera) were popular during Weimar (until the Nazi regime) because they represented and were influence by the society and politics of Weimar Germany.

Man of La Mancha :: essays research papers

"Facts are the enemy of truth!" cries Don Quixote de la Mancha. And I wonder, is this the madness of Quixote or Cervantes's inspiration? Can facts really be truth's enemy? Facts aren't adequate to explain how irrational perfection lies at the root of imperfect Aldonza. Facts have always misled us. For history and science, facts are used at all times. Yet in both areas, unprocessed facts are truth's enemy. Facts taken at face value deceive us every time. In the end, Quixote's family hauls him in and subjects him to the cure. When they force him to accept the obvious facts, it kills him. Aldonza approaches his deathbed. In his defeat, Quixote calls her Aldonza. "No," she says, "my name is Dulcinea!" She has, at last, found the truth -- the perfection -- that contradicts the facts. If Quixote's madness didn't redeem him, it did, at least, redeem her. Throughout the O.J. Simpson Case of 1991, his lawyers were attempting to convince people, most importantly the jury, that by conjuring facts which created doubts in the minds of the people, and hence concealed the truth about what happened. Fahrenheit 9/11 or Iraq War. Facts are part of the truth, but not its whole. Fact is always limited; it’s a piece of information about something. Fact is a small division of truth as interpreted by an individual. The truth emerges when there is the clear vision to see facts with their proper weight and place. It can take much research and fact-checking to determine what the facts are. It's not easy to sort out what is real and what is not. Being fully informed on every important issue is impossible; all one can do is their best with the time, resources, and inclinations they have. However, even if one has time to read extensively, it's not always possible to conclusively know the facts in the middle of the "he said, she said" of politics. In the face of contradictory versions of events, for example, whose version do we trust? We weren't there, after all. We often end up just believing what we want to believe, what fits with our views and is palatable to us. It's important to keep an open mind and recognize when we don't have enough information to be certain of the facts. Pg. 11. Taken out of context, almost anything a person does or says can be made to look bad or good.

Creative Writing: American Soldier in Iraq Essay -- Creative Writing Es

"RUN!!" I heard a fellow soldier screaming as I looked around. "RUN!" I started to take off but I was too late. I am an American soldier and I just got my leg blown off by a grenade. As I lay here crying, yelling out in pain, I think about why I am even here. The president thought that Saddam Hussein MIGHT have had weapons of mass destruction (WMD), so he sent me here to die. After we searched and found that Hussein did not have any WMDs, what did President Bush decide to do? Send more troops (SIRS). Many people, including a number of Christian leaders, have questioned whether the war in Iraq is justified (www.AmericanValues.org). They question if it is morally permissible to have used force to remove a tyrannical and aggressive regime from power instead of just disarming it (www.AmericanValues.org). A difficult moral calculus by liberal hawks led to the decision that the opportunity to free the Iraqi people from decades of oppression was worth the risk (Huang 1). Many people would agree that freeing the Iraqi people was a good thing, but they are free now, yet we are still there! I see that the sun is started to fall over the horizon and all I can do is what because it is impossible for me to move my leg. As I have nothing else to do I start to wonder. I wonder about how my family is doing, about how much pain there is in the world, and about the cost of the war. This war has cost the U.S. over four hundred and ninety billion dollars (www.costofwar.com). ?This same amount of money could have provided 39,240,332 people with health care or 142,451,458 homes with renewable electricity? (www.costofwar.com). As I look up into the darkening sky I hear help coming. The soldier helping me soon told me that my leg would have to be a... ...sh, because they no longer have a government, but whenever the U.S. tries to rebuild their government, the Iraqis always refuse. If we would leave immediately then that would let the Iraqis rebuild their own government the way they want it. Many people believe that the U.S. should create a fund for Iraq in order to help them get back on track. They could use the money to rebuild or reconstruct their country, their government, and anything else that the U.S. helped to destroy (Bennis 6). I slowly wake up, and it must have been hours later. I looked down and my leg was gone. I could feel a searing pain rush through my body. My leg was bandaged up around the cut, but I could still imagine how it looked. Blood was dripping from the bandages. I could not take it anymore. Right there I shut my eyes, and never again were they opened. My family was traumatized at my death.

Safety Program Development

Effective evaluation of the safety program. Increase employers and employees' involvement in worksheet hazard assessment and control by 25%. Reduce accident rate by 25% Pages Appendix 01 â€Å"Safety & health program responsibilities† Appendix 02 â€Å"Job Safety Analysis OSHA)† 12 Appendix 03 â€Å"Sample form for correction tracking† 15 Appendix 04 â€Å"Rout cause analysis† 18 I. Chapter 01 : Management & Employee involvement The overall safety in a workplace is a responsibility of both the employers and employees. The employers need to work together with their employees toward safety improvements.Management must encourage employees' involvement in improving safety. Employees need to inform and communicate with management to what is needed to be done to improve safety. L. A. Being a visible management and taking charge Management must prove their commitment and detection toward achieving a safer environment for their workers. Management musts make thems elves visible by being out there in the working area inspecting how to improve safety. Getting where you can be seen: Be visible when taking parts in any operation in order to be more aware of the working environment and the employees.This way the workers feel appreciated and aware of management good intentions for improving safety. This method can be done formally or informally depending on management participation levels. 0 Being Accessible: Employees need to have chances to communicate to management when necessary without going through complicated procedures. The employers must give the employees an easy two way communication process for reporting situations, comments or any work related issue regarding safety. Sacrificing or cutting authority to obtain accessibility between management and workers is not necessary.Adequate accessibility is as simple as having an open door policy or skipping large formal meeting. Being an example: When rules and regulation are issue management sho uld be the first to follow it showing the workers their participation and dedication. Rules must apply to everyone in the workplace with no exception. Following rules can be as simple as wearing safety equipment, such as, safety glasses. Taking charge: Management must be clear on what is required by their workers. Rules, regulations and polices must be officially stated and written in a clear easy to understand language.In addition, rules and regulation must be enforced with no exception. Management must follow on safety processes and make sure that individuals are performing their responsibilities. Management must not neglect employee involvement regarding safety issues. Workers are the first to be exposed to potential hazards. Workers are the ones who understand what must be done to reduce hazards associate with working procedures. Management need to encourage and increase worker precipitations, making them more aware of their safety roles and expectations.Employees can help manag ement in safety issues by: Participating in Joint labor-management committees and other advisory or specific purpose committees. Conducting site inspections. Analyzing routine hazards in each step of a Job and/or a process and preparing safe work practices or controls or eliminate or reduce exposure. Developing and revising the site safety and health rules. Providing program and presentations at safety and health meetings. Training of both current and newly haired employees. Conducting accident or incident investigations.Management can increase employees' precipitation in safety by: Showing workers management's detection to make the workplace safer and healthier. Adequate leadership from management that leads to employees' commitment. Management must not refuse any worker involvement; get as many help as you can. Reward and recognize workers for their efforts and accomplishments in achieving safety or following rules. Be clear on want you need workers to do (good communication). Giv e workers the resources necessary to perform the Job with the adequate training. Show your seriousness in their work toward safety.II. Chapter 02: Supervision and responsibility to the safety program All personal and acknowledge and understand their responsibilities toward safety. The employer has a responsibility to his/her workers, making sure that they are not exposed to any potential hazards and work in a safe environment. In addition, employers must clearly communicate with workers about their responsibilities toward safety, making ere that no confusion occurs. II. A. Reviewing existing organization Management must understand and be well inform of each individual safety roles in the workplace.Employees' roles in any safety and health program can be identified by using a specific worksheet (Appendix OLL- Page 04). Organizational structure and Job titles vary from one company to the next, but they include general assignments of health responsibilities. Some examples Job titles an d job decryption include: President/owner/site manager: Establish policies – provide leadership & resources – set objectives – assign susceptibilities – hold people accountable – interact with employees – set a good example – review accident reports – provide medical programs – establish safety training programs.Safety and health director/coordinator: Maintain safety & health – familiar with safety laws – aware of all presented hazards and their preventions – evaluation of the workplace' safety – design control & preventive procedures – assist & support supervisors & employees regarding safety – communicate safety rules – review hazard reports – evaluate emergency drills. Plant superintendents/division managers/directors:Provide leadership – maintain accountability – follow up on employees' suggestions analyze the facility for potential hazards  œ follow up on periodic hazards analysis encourage reporting hazards by employees – provide the necessary PEP (Personal Protective Equipment) – maintain safety meetings – help develop emergency procedures. Supervisors: Evaluate worker's performances – encourage precipitation in safety and health programs follow up on preventive maintenance – investigate accidents – discourage short cuts follow safety rules – familiarize everyone with emergency procedures. Employees' responsibilities:Understand all safety rules – responsible for your safety and the safety of other employees – offer safety and health suggestions – get involve in safety – be aware of your responsibilities in an emergency – know where the first aid kit is – report all accidents. II. B. Assigning & determining responsibilities Corporate management roles in safety: Management is responsible to their employees for providing a working area free of any recognized hazards that can causes injury or death. Managements must establish specific goals and objectives that aim to reduce injuries caused by specific unsafe behaviors.Any safety and health program will not be able to go very far without management support. Management must hold employees accountable for their actions. This can be done by rewarding workers for following safety and taking the necessary disciplinary action when they fail to follow safety rules. Management need to obtain constant feedback for determining the effectiveness of the safety program. In addition, management must get involve in the safety program, through attention to workers, precipitation in investigations and following safety rules. The facility manager roles in safety:The facility manager must acknowledge his or her responsibilities to maintain adequate house keeping, establishing safe working procedures and making sure that employees follow them. The shape and physical condition of the facility also plays an important role in achieving safety. The facility manager must make sure that everything is in good condition, taking employees suggestions into active consideration. Workers must obtain adequate training in using PEP and machines operations. Also, the facility manger must educate the employees about the areas' safety rules and polices, making sure that they are followed correctly.The facility manager is accountable to both upper management and his or her employees. The facility mangers must also have significant involvement in communications, obtaining feedback and performing tours around the working area (formal & informal) making any necessary corrections. First line supervisor roles in safety and health: The first line supervisor has more specific goals and objectives compare to other managers. The first line supervisor has various roles regarding safety, since he or she is in first contact with the employees.He or she need to set the necessary standard or achieving safety through good housekeeping and desired safety conditions. The first line supervisor must determine the employees understanding and practice of safety rules and regulation in the work area. Effective safety training of employees and continuous observation from the first line supervisor is essential. Employees' level of safety awareness can be increased by: Setting specific working standards and following them through. Employees' precipitation in safety meeting with their superiors. Following up on safety inspection and making all the necessary corrections.Management recognizes employees' outstanding achievements toward safety. Supervisors must sincerely listen to employees' complaints and suggestions. The employer must provide an adequate Hazard (Hazard Communication Standers) to his or her employees. Information on all the chemicals in the workplace must be easily accessible to workers in case of an emergency. In addition, proper training for chemical handling, s torage and transportation is necessary as part of an ongoing process. Ill. A. Chemical overview, communication standards & hazards Chemical overview: Chemicals can be either in a solid, liquid or gaseous state.Chemicals can be found in drums, tanks, pressure vessels and process systems. Responses to spills or exposure depend on the chemical properties. Material Safety Data Sheets (MASS) and labels on the chemical containers are essential for determining how workers must respond. Hazard communication standards: Chemical handling requires adequate training before any initiations are taken. The training and education must include the following: Knowledge about Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) standards. Knowledge on all chemicals in the workplace and hazards associate with them.Informing workers of the facility written plan to deal with chemical hazards. How to use MASS and labels. How can workers protect themselves and others. Hazards: Physical Hazards: Physical haza rds includes, a sudden violent reaction involving flammable, explosive or reactive materials. Proper handling is the key to deal with physical hazards. Information from MASS can be obtained about storing, mixing or moving chemicals. Physical hazards can be identified as: Oxidized Water reactive Organic peroxide Combustible Health Hazards: Chemicals can cause adverse health effects if workers became over exposed.There are two types of health effects: Acute health effects: occurs over short periods of time due to immediate exposure, they can be minor or serious. Some examples include burning or irritation. Chronic health effects: occurs over long periods of time due to prolong exposure in small amounts. Some examples include cancer, liver disease or lead poisoning. Ill. B. Exposure limits, controlling exposure & Safety on the Job Exposure limits: Exposure limits are governmental standards indicating when overexposure occurs. PEEL – Permissible Exposure Limit: Must not be exceed ed, over an our average rookery.TTL – Threshold Limit Value: Must not be exceeded, over an our average workday. STEEL – Short-Term Exposure Limit: can be safety exposed to over 1 5-minute period. IDLE – Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health: very hazardous, must not be exposed to. Controlling exposures: There are several methods used to control exposures to chemicals. Engineering controls can be use to keep exposures below PEEL and TTL levels. Also, maintaining adequate ventilation system can reduce exposure to hazardous chemicals. When exposure can not be avoided, using proper PEP depending on the chemical is essential.PEP are used to prevent exposure through skin absorption, inhalation, ingestion and injection. Chemical safety on the Job: Identify all chemical hazards in the workplace. Know how to deal with chemical in both regular and emergency operations. Treat unknown chemical as hazardous ones. Make sure to use the appropriate PEP by looking at MASS. Ins pect your PEP before and after use. Know the workplace emergency procedures. Know location of emergency showers, first aid kits, fire extinguishers and eyewash. Always secure the exposed area and ask for help. Maintain good hygiene to prevent outside exposures. IV. Chapter 04: Lockout / DugoutThere are energies in the workplace that might be accidentally released and cause serious injuries or death. The employers, with the proper training of workers, must prevent the accidental release of these hazardous energies. This can be achieved through using lockout/dugouts. ‘V. A. What is lockout/dugout & when they must be perform What is lockout/dugout? Lockouts: The employer places a lock on any energy isolating device, making sure it cannot be removed from the closed position. Such devices include circuit breaker or valve handle. Dugout: The employer attaches a written note (warring tag) on the equipment or device that

Comparing Fast Food Giants Burger King and McDonald’s

Burger King Versus McDonald’s Fast Food Franchises have raised many questions or debates that have risen because of obesity issues and health concerns in our society to this day. This has led me to compare Burger King and McDonald’s. Comparison of these two companies to see exactly what they have to offer and the fact that people seem to look at all fast food the same. It is all bad for you and causing health issues. Burger King and McDonald’s are the top two fast food chains and are known for serving unhealthy foods, but there are healthy choices available, as salads. As I have done my research to see if there are healthy options when we eat at these places. Truly comes down to whether it is us or the franchises making the wrong choices or whose fault it really is. Fast food franchises being all of the same or having differences amongst food options and services offered. Similarities Main thing appears to be a burger, fries, and a soft drink is what they are known for. Both of the franchises basically offer the same types of foods, combo meals, children meals, dollar menus, super sizes available, play lands and a drive thru for that fast service. Usually you can bet the food will taste the same each time you go, giving us the feeling of reliability. Whether you want to sit down as a family or eat on the go. Both of the companies keep the cost down to make it an affordable meal and giving us a variety to choose from. They both serve breakfast, lunch, and supper options. This is partially what makes it hard for us to say no. The convenience and time saving options really hit home to our busy schedules. Differences: Now even though they both seem to be basically the same, there are differences within these two franchises. One way that they are different is in the way they prepare and process their foods. At Burger King, they use a process where there is no human intervention while cooking their burgers. No one has to stand there and flip the burgers. This is saving time and providing employees to be available to keep moving and making meals more quickly. They also use a broiler, giving us that broiler taste. Where McDonald’s uses a basic grill style and someone has to be there constantly to turn and flip the burgers. Burger King has bigger and thicker burgers, providing more for your buck. They also have the option of onion rings instead of fries, and they are lower in calories than fries. When concerning their fries, they even have the option of no salt on them. This is an amazing option for those of us watching our sodium intake. The one thing that I was surprised with is that they provide Kraft macaroni and cheese and apple fries in the children’s meals, along with milk. The fries are still included, but for those parents who do not want them to have the fries, there is your other option. McDonald’s gives you a wider range of choices in desserts and salads. They offer 10 different types of salads, where Burger King only offers you 3 types of salads. Their happy meal is including a choice of low fat chocolate and white milk, fries along with apple slices. If you do not want your child to have fries, there’s the option of two packages of apple slices. They are attempting to offer a healthier choice for your children. Healthier choices If you want just the basic burger, fries, and a beverage, it really does not matter where you go; they both offer these and come down to the consumer’s taste buds. Basically either place you go, they both have begun to offer many healthy food options. It still is not the best choice, but you can choose something that will not cause so much weight gain. It is coming down to our choices on what we eat if we must go to a fast food restaurant. Some of the choices you can make: Have a salad with the dressing on the side, Burger King’s fries with not salt, have the condiments on the side or none, choose a burger with no bacon or cheese, have their oatmeal option with fruit on top, a veggie burger instead of meat, grilled instead of fried and have juice instead of soda. There are many things that we can choose to eat that will make our visit to these two places healthier. Both places provide brochures on the nutritional value on their meals, take time to check them out and see what you are eating. Burger King and McDonald’s are very similar in many ways, but do have differences. Just depending on what your taste buds are, if you want it made your way, or if you want a bigger burger. These will assist in determining to which company fits best to your desires. The salad option, McDonald’s is the way to go. They have best options in this category, but remember to go for the grilled instead of fried and have that dressing on the side. Just remember it is our choice to what we are putting in our body. References Associated Press. â€Å"McDonald's profit climbs 27 percent. † MSNBC. October 19, 2007. Retrieved November 26th 2011. Written by Associated Press on November 15, 2011 4:35 pm. http://newsone. com/author/associatedpress3/ Brandau, Mark (28 March 2011). â€Å"BK’s Chidsey to resign in April†. Nation's Restaurant news. Burger King Corporation. 2007, www. k. com, Retrieved November 26th 2011. Cordal, Ina Paiva; Walker, Elaine (28 October 2010). â€Å"Burger King Ousts top staff†. Miami Herald. 2010 10-K SEC Filing, Burger King Corporation, 30 June 2010, pp. 38-40. Hogan, David (1997). Selling 'em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food. New York: New York University Press. Jakle, John A. ; Sculle, Keith A. ; Pappas (1999). Fast Food: Roa dside Restaurants in the Automobile Age (1st ed. ). JHU Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN  080186920X. â€Å"Mathew Burns of Long Beach, California, and Kieth g. Kramer, Burn's stepson and owner of a Daytona Beach, Florida drive in, founded Insta-Burger King, Burger King's predecessor. † Kroc, Ray and Anderson, Robert (1977). Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald's. Chicago: Contemporary Books. Levinstein, Harvey (2003). Paradox of Plenty: a Social History of Eating in Modern America. Berkeley: University of California P, 2003. 228-229. Luxenberg, Stan (1985). Roadside Empires: How the Chains Franchised America. New York: Viking, 1985. Mcginley, Lou Ellen with Stephanie Spurr (2004). Honk for Service: A Man, A Tray and the Glory Days of the Drive-In Restaurant†. Tray Days Publishing. Schlosser, Eric (2005). â€Å"Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All American Meal† HarperCollins Publishers. www. chapters. indigo. ca/books/Fast-Food-Nation. Retrieved November 25th, 2011. Thottam, Jyoti (June 6, 2005). â€Å"Fast Food Face-Off. † Time Online Magazine. Read more at Suite101: Which Fast Food is Better: McDonalds o r Burger King? | Suite101. com http://tasha-kelley. suite101. com/which-fast-food-is-better–McDonald’s-or-burger-king

Graphic Novel Deconstruction Essay

This essay will deconstruct Neil Gaiman’s graphic novel The Sandman Volume#1 Preludes and Nocturnes (1991), in order to gain an understanding of narrative is presented through the use of image. It will also comment on the codes and conventions within the chosen text. Preludes and Nocturnes is the collection of eight comics in the Sandman series, with Neil Gaiman writing for a regular series for the first time. As such Preludes and Nocturnes is somewhat a work in progress, as the creative team honed their work. If read from cover to cover you will see a marked improvement in the writing over the course of the volume culminating in a much more tightly wound climax than at the beginning. The first chapter Sleep of the Just is a good place to start looking at the panel construction of the narrative. On the page (Tab. 1) we see the first three panels over-laying the fourth panel. The first two panels are narrow and rectangular and the third is square. The gutters are very narrow and not a lot is happening in the panels. This indicates that panel-to-panel, not a lot of time has passed between transitions. However rather than use moment-to-moment transition the creators have used subject-to-subject as a method of keeping a moderate pace for the reader to become interested in what they are seeing on the page. This is continued throughout the eight panel page. Alternatively, the creators could have shown the first two panels as one, allowing the dialogue to take place straight away as the car pulls up to the mansion. The panel could then be expanded showing the mansion in more detail and allowing for the removal of panel three completely. We already know the man is here for a reason, therefore we make an assumption he will leave the car and knock on the door. ) This would potentially allow for the removal of Panel Four, going straight to the man knocking on the door and the door being answered. This would then clear up what is a relatively cluttered page and make the narrative much more direct. Dialogue and pacing are used to high degree throughout this chapter sometimes appearing cluttered and confused, and sometimes this is compound by the unusual panel shapes employed. However this has been used to great effect (Tab. 2) The thin oddly constructed/shaped panel’s one and two, are almost seen as though they are slices of Burgess’s insanity and obsession. Subject-to-Subject transitions are used to aid pacing in what otherwise would be a lengthy a page due to the amount of dialogue. Although the majority of the spoken word is short, there is a lot of it to read. A six panel page is probably right for this instance however more conventional panel shapes would probably aid the reader more. The caption box in the first panel is used in parallel to what is in the picture; the reader doesn’t actually see the words of the spell tolling in his head, but they are given a sense of the psychological effect it takes on Burgess. On the very next page closure is used perfectly. Burgess demands for the being to come forward and with each chant, that being becomes more corporeal with the end result, the creature arriving in the room. The dialogue used is interdependent to the imagery. Without one or the other the reader wouldn’t be able to pick up the full picture of what is happening. To speed this page up you could probably remove the panels with Burgess and just have the three panels of the creature appearing with the dialogue situated around him, as if surrounded by people. In (Tab. 3) we can see a classic example of moment-to-moment transitions, twelve panels depicting and old man dreaming of becoming young again as he walks along a dark corridor before realising he is in a nightmare of his own making. Twelve panels on a fifteen panel page seems like a lot, however it serves to really ramp up the tension in the terms of the narrative as this is a turning point for the whole story. Interestingly the transitions used serve as the opposite to what is actually happening; the de-aging process of decades in just a few seconds or minutes intensifies the dream/nightmare feel. For the sake of quicker pacing you could perhaps take a few panels out here and there, showing a larger passage of time between the transitions and the de-aging process, however you would then run the risk of losing the tension build up. An interesting point to note is the dialogue for Morpheus, his speech bubbles are jagged black items with white text, that serve the purpose of defining his character as not of this earth and more important than any other speaker. (Tab. 4) poses some interesting issues. Panel 1 bleeds in from the top of the page to the half-way point with the next two panels over laid. However here is where it can get confusing for a reader who reads from left to right on a single page. Panels 4-6 do not follow the traditional design of a comic book. Rather than continuing the dialogue under panels 1-3 they extend onto the next page and initially this is confusing as the readers first thought is to go down the page. It is almost as if the writer wants you to stop and think for a moment. This layout is continued through panels 7-13 and in panels 10-12 the structure becomes jagged indicating Cain’s fractured mind finally snapping and lashing out at his brother Abel, the word â€Å"IRVING † capitalised and coloured in red accents this. This section uses several different types of panelling ranging from aspect-to-aspect (panels 1-4 7-8) subject-to-subject (5-6 9-13. ) This unusual layout has been created because of the opening dialogue, Lucien the Librarian stating that â€Å"It has been a strange century. † The creators probably felt that they could accentuate this by creating this page layout. It would have worked much better if it had been done over a single A2 sheet but restrictions prevent this so readers would have to be careful to make sure they read the page right. It would flow better if the panels with Cain and Abel had been left out entirely or at least placed on a separate sheet. Again closure is shown on the final panel with blood spatter getting that message across loud and clear. (Tab. 5) brings good examples of word specific text in subject-to-subject panels, also note the colour change to black and white, given in context with each panel it conveys the message that all is well and the world is resting. The use of Morpheus’s coat as a panel enveloping Arkham Asylum is used to indicate that he is back in control of the dream realm and is repairing the damage done by his captivity. Throughout the Preludes and Nocturnes there has been a constant improvement in the way it is presented and written. In particular as the narrative continues, there are subtle changes in colours, from really quite dark to eventually ending up with a white background as Morpheus goes about his quest to right the wrongs done to him. The writers also moved to more traditional conventions of comic books in respect to panelling moving away from the sometimes claustrophobic and cluttered panels in the early chapters to the more familiar boxy panels that most sequential art uses, however that is not to say the gothic inspired artwork doesn’t have its place, in the early stages of the story, entrapment and imprisonment were key themes. As the creative team honed their skills the works became more coherent and easier to understand. It is easy to see why this series is so popular.